19:3 {2} And he said unto them, Unto {b} what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto {c} John's baptism.
(2) John only began to instruct the disciples whom Christ would make perfect.
(b) In what doctrine then are you taught and instructed?
(c) To be baptized into John's baptism is to profess the doctrine which John preached and to be identified with his baptism.
19:3 Unto what then were ye baptized? This question implies that the possession of the Holy Spirit is closely connected with a right baptism. Compare Ac 2:38. The only case in which the Spirit was received before baptism was that of Cornelius. For the reasons of this exception to the rule, see notes on Ac 10:44-47. The fact that these disciples know nothing of the Holy Spirit being given (Ac 19:2), showed that there was something wrong about their baptism.
Unto John's baptism. While John's baptism differed from that commanded in Christ's commission (Mt 28:19), the apostles, the one hundred and twenty (Ac 1:15), and the five hundred brethren (1Co 15:6), as far as we know, received no other. We are to infer, therefore, that it was valid until Christ's baptism took its place. Why, then, were these disciples re-baptized? The only explanation is that their baptism took place after John's baptism had been superseded by that of Christ, or after the Savior had been crucified.
19:3 Into what were ye baptized - Into what dispensation? To the sealing of what doctrine? Into John's baptism - We were baptized by John and believe what he taught.
19:1-7 Paul, at Ephesus, found some religious persons, who looked to Jesus as the Messiah. They had not been led to expect the miraculous powers of the Holy Ghost, nor were they informed that the gospel was especially the ministration of the Spirit. But they spake as ready to welcome the notice of it. Paul shows them that John never design that those he baptized should rest there, but told them that they should believe on Him who should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus. They thankfully accepted the discovery, and were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. The Holy Ghost came upon them in a surprising, overpowering manner; they spake with tongues, and prophesied, as the apostles and the first Gentile coverts did. Though we do not now expect miraculous powers, yet all who profess to be disciples of Christ, should be called on to examine whether they have received the seal of the Holy Ghost, in his sanctifying influences, to the sincerity of their faith. Many seem not to have heard that there is a Holy Ghost, and many deem all that is spoken concerning his graces and comforts, to be delusion. Of such it may properly be inquired, Unto what, then, were ye baptized? for they evidently know not the meaning of that outward sign on which they place great dependence.
